After dropping the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima on August 9, 1945, President Truman gives a speech explaining his decision and warning the Japanese people about America's next steps if their country does not unconditionally surrender. Read an excerpt from the speech below.

"The world will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a military base. That was because we wished in this first attack to avoid, insofar as possible, the killing of civilians. But that attack is only a warning of things to come. If Japan does not surrender, bombs will have to be dropped on her war industries and, unfortunately, thousands of civilian lives will be lost. I urge Japanese civilians to leave industrial cities immediately, and save themselves from destruction." New York Times, August 10, 1945, page 12.

In your notes, answer the following questions:

1. What warning was President Truman giving to the people of Japan?
2. By threatening Japan's "war industries" Truman stated that a city was a legitimate target for the atomic bomb if it had factories that made weapons even if it was mostly inhabited by civilians. Do you agree with Truman? Was it justifiable to destroy an entire city in order to eliminate factories?